1. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlunga, njengephepha lokuhlunga elinezingqimba eziningi noma indwangu engalukiwe esebenza kahle kakhulu, enesakhiwo esihle sefayibha, ingathwebula ngempumelelo izinhlayiya zothuli ezincane ezisemoyeni, ukunemba kokuhlunga kufika ku-[5] microns, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kuze kufike ku-[99]% ngaphezulu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuhlanzeka komoya enjinini yokunciphisa kuphezulu kakhulu, kuyingozi kakhulu.
2. Umklamo okhethekile wesendlalelo sokuhlunga ungavimba ububanzi bezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene zokungcola, kusukela ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu zothuli lwesihlabathi kuya kumpova ecolekile, uthuli lwezimboni, njll., lungabanjwa ngokuphumelelayo, lunikeze uhla olugcwele lwezivimbio zokuvikela injini.
1. Ngenkathi iqinisekisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuhlunga, isici sokuhlunga umoya siphinde sibe nokungena kahle kakhulu, futhi isakhiwo saso esiyingqayizivele se-pore nezici ezibonakalayo zingaqinisekisa ukuthi umoya owanele ungena kahle enjinini ngokusebenzisa isici sokuhlunga ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zenjini ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza, futhi ugweme inkinga yokunciphisa amandla enjini kanye nokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngenxa yokumelana nokudonsa ngokweqile.
2. Ngokuklama okunembayo kanye nokwenza kahle kwesiteshi sokugeleza komoya, umoya ungasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngesici sokuhlunga, kuthuthukiswe ngokwengeziwe ukungeneka komoya okuphelele, nokuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuzinza kokusha kwenjini ngokusebenza kahle.
1. Impahla yesici sokuhlunga iphathwa ngokukhethekile, enokumelana okuqinile kwezinyembezi nokumelana nokugqoka, futhi ingagcina ukusebenza kokuhlunga okuzinzile isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwendawo yokusebenza enokhahlo. Noma ngabe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, imvelo enomswakama ophezulu, noma ukushaqeka komoya okuvamile nokudlidliza, akulula ukukonakalisa noma ukuwohloka, okunweba kakhulu impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuvala zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nenqubo yokuvala kahle kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlangana okuqinile phakathi kwesici sokuhlunga nepayipi lokungena, kuvimbela ngempumelelo umoya ongahlungiwe ukuthi ungadluleli enjinini, futhi futhi kugweme ukuvuza kothuli nokuvuza kokungena okubangelwa ukuvaleka okungekuhle, kuthuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukwethembeka nokuqina komkhiqizo.
1. Isihlungi somoya senjini yemoto silungele izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezimoto namamodeli ezimoto, ahlanganisa izimoto ezijwayelekile, ama-SUV, ama-MPV namanye amamodeli emakethe, angafanelana ngokuphelele nezimfuneko nezidingo zesikhundla sokufakwa kohlelo lokuqala lokuthatha imoto, futhi lungafakwa kalula futhi lusetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuguqulwa noma ukulungiswa okwengeziwe, okuhlinzeka ngezinketho ezilula nezithembekile zokungena esikhundleni sabanikazi abaningi.
2. Ithimba locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo lilandelela eduze ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto, libuyekeza isizindalwazi somkhiqizo ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi amamodeli asanda kwethulwa angashintshwa ngokunembile ukuze avumelane nokuhlinzekwa kwezihlungi zomoya ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ngokuqhubekayo nesidingo esikhulayo semakethe.
1. Hlaziya ngokuphumelelayo izinto eziyingozi emoyeni, vimbela uthuli, isihlabathi nezinye izinhlayiya eziqinile ukuba zingabangeli imihuzuko nokuguga ezingxenyeni ezinembayo ngaphakathi enjinini (njengepiston, udonga lwesilinda, ivalvu, njll.), nciphisa amathuba okuhluleka kwenjini, wehlise izindleko zokuyilungisa, futhi wandise umjikelezo wokulungisa injini.
2. Ngokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile, kusiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa elivamile lenjini, ukugwema inkinga embi yokukhipha ukushisa okubangelwa ukunqwabelana kokungcola, kuthuthukise nakakhulu ukwethembeka nokuqina kwenjini, futhi kwenza imoto ihlale isesimweni esihle sokugijima.
1. Umoya ohlanzekile ungenza uphethiloli nomoya kuhlangane amandla omlilo okuxube ngokugcwele, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle komlilo, kunciphise ukumosheka kwamafutha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwesihlungi somoya esingaphansi noma esivalekile, ukufakwa kwalo mkhiqizo kungathuthukisa ukonga uphethiloli wemoto [90]%, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kungasindisa izindleko ezinkulu zikaphethiloli kumnikazi.
2. Ngenxa yokungena kahle kwenjini, ukuvutha okugcwele, namandla okukhipha amandla azinze kakhudlwana, imoto ayidingi ukunyakazisa njalo ukuze ivale ukuntuleka kwamandla phakathi nokushayela, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise nakakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nokufeza imigomo embaxambili yokonga amandla nokuncishiswa kokukhipha umoya nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokushayela.
1. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kusiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya eshizini lenjini, ngokuhambisana nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sihlungi somoya kunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo okuqukethwe kwezinhlayiyana eziyingozi kugesi wezimoto, futhi kube negalelo elihle ekuthuthukiseni izinga lomoya, okubonisa umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi kanye nokuqwashisa ngemvelo kwebhizinisi.
2. Ukusebenza kahle komlilo kunganciphisa nokukhiqizwa kokunye ukungcola (okufana ne-carbon monoxide, ama-hydrocarbon, njll.) kugesi ephumayo, okwenza ukukhishwa kwezimoto kuhlanzeke futhi kuhambisane nemvelo, okuhambisana nokugqugquzela intuthuko esimeme yemboni yezimoto.
1. Vula ihood yenjini futhi uthole indawo yebhokisi lesihlungi somoya, elivame ukutholakala eduze nendawo yokungenisa umoya wenjini.
2. Thuthukisa isiqeshana sokulungisa noma usikulufi kukhava yebhokisi lesihlungi somoya bese ususa isembozo sebhokisi lesihlungi.
3. Susa ngokucophelela isici esidala sesihlungi somoya, uqaphele ukuthi ungavumeli uthuli luwele epayipini lokungenisa.
4. Faka isici esisha sokuhlunga umoya ebhokisini lokuhlunga ngendlela efanele ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isici sokuhlunga sifakwe endaweni futhi sivalwe kahle.
5. Faka kabusha ikhava yebhokisi lokuhlunga bese uqinisa isiqeshana noma izikulufu.
6. Vala ikhava yenjini bese uqedela ukuyifaka.
1. Hlola njalo ukuhlanzeka kwesici sokuhlunga umoya, ngokuvamile njalo ngemva kwamakhilomitha angu-5000 noma ngokuya ngobunzima bendawo esetshenziswa imoto ukuze unciphise umjikelezo wokuhlola. Uma kutholakala ukuthi indawo yokuhlunga inothuli, kufanele ihlanzwe noma ishintshwe ngesikhathi.
2. Lapho uhlanza isihlungi somoya, ungasebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ukuze ushaye kancane uthuli oluvela ngaphakathi kwesihlungi, qaphela ukucindezela akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, ukuze ungalimazi isihlungi. Uma isici sokuhlunga singcoliswe kakhulu noma sesifinyelele impilo yesevisi, isici esisha sokuhlunga kufanele sishintshwe ngesikhathi, futhi isici sokuhlunga esilimele noma esingavumelekile akufanele siphinde sisetshenziswe.
3. Uma ushintsha isici sokuhlunga umoya, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ukuthi kukhona yini ukuqoqwa kothuli noma ezinye izinto zangaphandle embhobhweni wokungena kanye nebhokisi lokuhlunga ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kukhona, kufanele lihlanzwe ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo lokungenisa umoya olungavinjelwe.
